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This page lists 211 advanced-level Korean basics & grammar vocabulary words (TOPIK 6), each with romanization and an English meaning — free, by a certified Korean teacher.

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Advanced Korean Basics & Grammar Vocabulary List (TOPIK 6)

A complete list of 211 advanced-level Korean basics & grammar vocabulary words (TOPIK 6). Every word includes romanization and its English meaning, curated by a certified Korean language teacher. Filter to search, or switch levels below.

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Korean	Romanization	Part of speech	Meaning
-권^³	-gwon	affix	ticket, voucher (suffix) · 상품권 · 입장권 백화점 상품권으로 겨울 코트를 샀어요 I bought a winter coat with a department store gift voucher.
관용구 L6-13	gwanyonggu	noun	idiom, set phrase 관용구는 각 단어의 뜻을 따로 해석하면 의미를 파악하기 어려워요 With idioms, it's hard to grasp the meaning if you interpret each word separately.
고사성어 L6-15	gosaseongeo	noun	idiom derived from an old story 고사성어는 옛이야기에서 유래한 경우가 많아요 Many classical idioms come from old stories.
비격식 L6-20	bigyeoksik	noun	informal register 친한 친구 사이에는 비격식 표현을 많이 써요 Close friends use a lot of informal expressions with each other.
화계 L6-20	hwagye	noun	speech level system 한국어의 화계는 상황과 관계에 따라 달리 써야 해요 Korean speech levels need to be used differently depending on the situation and the relationship.
가까스로	gakkaseuro	adverb	barely, narrowly 폭설로 막힌 도로를 가까스로 빠져나왔어요 We barely managed to get off the road blocked by heavy snow.
가뜩이나	gatteugina	adverb	already, on top of that 가뜩이나 바쁜데 일이 더 생겼어요 I was already busy, and now I have even more work.
가령	garyeong	adverb	for example, for instance 가령 갑자기 비가 온다면 어떻게 하시겠어요 For example, what would you do if it suddenly started raining?
가히	gahi	adverb	quite, indeed, truly 수진 씨의 연주 실력은 가히 세계 최고 수준이라 할 만해요 Sujin's musical performance skills truly deserve to be called world-class.
각기	gakgi	noun / adverb	respectively, each separately 두 팀은 각기 다른 방식으로 문제를 해결했어요 The two teams each solved the problem in a different way.
각별히	gakbyeolhi	adverb	especially, particularly 어린아이들에게는 각별히 주의를 기울여야 해요 We need to pay special attention to young children.
각양각색	gagyanggaksaek	noun	all kinds, great variety 축제장에는 각양각색의 전통 의상을 입은 사람들이 모여 있었어요 People wearing all kinds of traditional clothing had gathered at the festival.
감언이설	gameoniseol	noun	sweet talk, flattery 감언이설에 넘어가지 않으려고 계약 내용을 꼼꼼히 읽었어요 I read the contract carefully so I would not be taken in by sweet talk.
감쪽같이	gamjjokgachi	adverb	without a trace, perfectly 솜씨 좋은 수선공이 찢어진 부분을 감쪽같이 꿰매 놓았어요 The skilled tailor mended the tear so well that you could not tell it had been there.
갓	gat	adverb	just (recently), freshly 갓 태어난 아기는 엄마 품에서 잠들었어요 The newborn baby fell asleep in its mother's arms.
거듭	geodeup	adverb	repeatedly, again and again 민수 씨는 같은 실수를 거듭 저지르고 말았어요 Minsu ended up making the same mistake over and over.
거뜬하다	geotteunhada	adjective	to be easy, to feel light 짐을 다 정리하고 나니 마음이 거뜬했어요 거뜬하다 → 거뜬했어요 I felt lighter after sorting out all my things.
거침없이	geochimeopsi	adverb	without hesitation, boldly 지민 씨는 어떤 질문에도 거침없이 대답했어요 Jimin answered every question without hesitation.
걸맞다	geolmatda	adjective	to be fitting, to be suitable 민수 씨의 행동은 리더에 걸맞은 품격을 갖추고 있었어요 걸맞다 → 걸맞은 Minsu's behavior showed the dignity befitting a leader.
걸핏하면	geolpitamyeon	adverb	at the slightest provocation, easily 그 아이는 걸핏하면 숙제가 너무 많다고 불평해요 That child complains about having too much homework at the slightest opportunity.
격세지감	gyeoksejigam	noun	feeling that times have changed greatly 스마트폰의 등장을 보면 격세지감을 느껴요 The emergence of smartphones makes me realize how much times have changed.
격언	gyeogeon	noun	proverb, maxim 할머니께서는 격언을 자주 인용하며 삶의 지혜를 전해 주셨어요 My grandmother often quoted proverbs to share her wisdom about life.
-계^¹	-gye	affix	-world, -field, -sector (suffix) · 교육계 · 연예계 수진 씨는 음악계에서 오랫동안 활동해 왔어요 Sujin has been active in the music world for a long time.
고루	goru	adverb	evenly, equally, uniformly 영양소를 고루 섭취하는 것이 중요해요 It's important to get a balanced range of nutrients.
고사하다	gosahada	verb	to decline, to refuse, to waive 민수 씨는 높은 연봉을 제안받았지만 정중히 고사했어요 고사하다 → 고사했어요 Minsu was offered a high salary but politely declined.
고스란히	goseuranhi	adverb	intact, as it is, entirely 부모님이 남겨 주신 재산을 고스란히 동생에게 물려줬어요 I passed on the entire inheritance my parents left me to my younger sibling.
고요히	goyohi	adverb	quietly, calmly, serenely 호수가 고요히 잠든 새벽에 낚시를 즐겼어요 I enjoyed fishing at dawn while the lake lay in peaceful stillness.
고진감래	gojingamnae	noun	sweet comes after bitter, no pain no gain 몇 번의 실패 끝에 성공했으니 정말 고진감래라 할 수 있어요 After several failures, success finally came, so you could truly say that hard times lead to good times.
곰곰이	gomgomi	adverb	carefully, deeply, pondering 수진 씨는 문제를 곰곰이 생각한 끝에 해결책을 찾아냈어요 After thinking the problem through carefully, Sujin found a solution.
공연히	gongyeonhi	adverb	needlessly, without reason, in vain 공연히 걱정하지 말고 차분하게 준비하면 돼요 Don't worry needlessly; just prepare calmly.
공용어	gongyongeo	noun	official language 스위스에는 공용어가 네 가지나 있어요 Switzerland has as many as four official languages.
과감히	gwagamhi	adverb	boldly, decisively, daringly 기존 관습에서 과감히 벗어나 새로운 방식을 도입했어요 We boldly broke away from established practices and introduced a new approach.
관용적	gwanyongjeok	determiner / noun	idiomatic, conventional 이 표현은 관용적 의미로 쓰이므로 글자 그대로 해석하면 안 돼요 This expression is used idiomatically, so you shouldn't interpret it literally.
구사일생	gusailsaeng	noun	narrow escape from death, a close call 민수 씨는 교통사고에서 구사일생으로 살아남았어요 Minsu narrowly survived the car accident.
구어	gueo	noun	spoken language, colloquial speech 구어체 표현은 문어체와 달리 줄임말이 많아요 Unlike written language, spoken language uses many shortened forms.
구절	gujeol	noun	phrase, passage, verse 그 시의 마지막 구절이 마음에 깊이 남았어요 The final line of that poem left a deep impression on me.
구태여	gutaeyeo	adverb	needlessly, unnecessarily 이미 결정된 사안을 구태여 다시 꺼낼 필요가 없어요 There's no need to bring up an issue that's already been decided.
군계일학	gungyeilhak	noun	a crane among chickens, a standout genius 그 학생은 군계일학이라 불릴 만큼 뛰어난 재능을 가졌어요 That student is so talented that you could call them a standout among their peers.
-권^²	-gwon	affix	-right, -authority (suffix) · 투표권 · 교육권 모든 국민은 교육권을 보장받아야 해요 Every citizen should be guaranteed the right to education.
-권^¹	-gwon	affix	-sphere, -zone (suffix) · 수도권 · 문화권 수도권에 거주하는 시민들의 이동이 눈에 띄게 늘었어요 Travel by residents of the metropolitan area has increased noticeably.
그나저나	geunajeona	adverb	anyway, by the way 그나저나 오늘 회의 시간이 변경됐다는 거 알고 있어요 By the way, do you know that today's meeting time has changed?
그지없다	geujieopda	adjective	to be boundless, to be extreme, to be limitless 민수 씨가 그려낸 풍경화는 아름답기 그지없어요 그지없다 → 그지없어요 The landscape Minsu painted is exceptionally beautiful.
근	geun	determiner	nearly, about, approximately 그 사업은 시작한 지 근 삼십 년이 되었어요 It has been nearly thirty years since that business began.
금상첨화	geumsangcheomhwa	noun	icing on the cake, making something even better 맛도 좋고 가격도 저렴하니 금상첨화네요 It tastes great, and the low price is the icing on the cake.
금시초문	geumsichomun	noun	hearing something for the first time 그 소식은 저도 금시초문이라 자세히는 몰라요 This is the first I've heard of it, too, so I don't know the details.
금의환향	geumuihwanhyang	noun	returning home in glory 올림픽에서 금메달을 따고 금의환향했어요 I returned home in triumph after winning an Olympic gold medal.
금지옥엽	geumjiogyeop	noun	precious treasure, beloved child 민수 씨는 외동딸을 금지옥엽처럼 키웠어요 Minsu raised his only daughter as his most precious treasure.
급기야	geupgiya	adverb	finally, eventually, at last 협상은 급기야 결렬되고 말았어요 The negotiations eventually broke down.
기꺼이	gikkeoi	adverb	willingly, gladly 민수 씨는 어려운 부탁임에도 기꺼이 도움을 주었어요 Minsu gladly helped, even though it was a difficult favor to ask.
기껏	gikkeot	adverb	at best, at most 이 작은 상자에는 책이 기껏 세 권 들어가요 This small box holds at most three books.
기어이	gieoi	adverb	by all means, no matter what, surely 민수 씨는 어떤 어려움이 있어도 기어이 목표를 이루고야 말았어요 Despite every difficulty, Minsu finally achieved his goal through sheer determination.
기어코	gieoko	adverb	by all means, no matter what, certainly 민수 씨는 기어코 혼자서 그 문제를 해결하겠다고 고집을 부렸어요 Minsu insisted on solving the problem by himself, no matter what.
기필코	gipilko	adverb	surely, without fail, by all means 이번 대회에서는 기필코 우승하겠다는 각오를 다졌어요 I resolved to win this competition no matter what.
깊숙이	gipsugi	adverb	deeply, far in 민수 씨는 모자를 깊숙이 눌러쓰고 걸어갔어요 Minsu walked away with his hat pulled down low.
꼬치꼬치	kkochikkochi	adverb	persistently, prying in detail 민수 씨는 사소한 것까지 꼬치꼬치 캐물어 피곤하게 해요 Minsu wears people out by asking prying questions about every little thing.
꾹	kkuk	adverb	firmly, with force, suppressing 민수 씨는 눈물을 꾹 참으며 고개를 끄덕였어요 Minsu nodded, holding back his tears.
끔찍이	kkeumjjigi	adverb	terribly, dreadfully, extremely 할머니는 손자를 끔찍이 아끼고 사랑했어요 The grandmother cherished and loved her grandson dearly.
난데없이	nandeeopsi	adverb	out of nowhere, suddenly, unexpectedly 난데없이 비가 쏟아져서 모두 당황했어요 It suddenly started pouring, catching everyone off guard.
난생	nansaeng	adverb	ever (in one's life), for the first time ever 난생처음으로 비행기를 타 봤어요 I flew on a plane for the first time in my life.
남김없이	namgimeopsi	adverb	without remainder, completely, leaving nothing 냉장고에 있는 음식을 남김없이 먹었어요 I ate all the food in the refrigerator without leaving anything.
낱낱이	nannachi	adverb	one by one, in full detail 민수 씨는 사건의 경위를 낱낱이 설명해 달라고 요청했어요 Minsu asked for a detailed account of how the incident unfolded.
내지	naeji	adverb	or, ranging from ... to 발표는 십 분 내지 십오 분 정도 걸려요 The presentation takes about ten to fifteen minutes.
높임법	nopimbeop	noun	honorific speech level system 한국어 높임법은 외국인 학습자에게 어려운 부분 중 하나예요 The Korean honorific system is one of the difficult aspects for foreign learners.
느닷없이	neudadeopsi	adverb	suddenly, abruptly, out of nowhere 느닷없이 비가 쏟아져서 모두 당황했어요 It suddenly started pouring, catching everyone off guard.
다분히	dabunhi	adverb	to a large extent, considerably, largely 그 사고는 다분히 부주의로 인한 것이었어요 That accident was largely due to carelessness.
다시금	dasigeum	adverb	once again, once more, anew 그 영화를 보고 다시금 삶의 의미를 생각하게 됐어요 Watching that movie made me reflect on the meaning of life once again.
다짜고짜	dajjagojja	adverb	abruptly without warning, brusquely 민수 씨는 다짜고짜 왜 늦었냐고 소리를 질렀어요 Minsu abruptly shouted at me, asking why I was late.
단단히	dandanhi	adverb	firmly, tightly, solidly 문을 단단히 잠그고 나서야 안심이 되었어요 I only felt at ease after locking the door securely.
단번에	danbeone	adverb	in one go, at once, immediately 민수 씨는 어려운 수학 문제를 단번에 풀었어요 Minsu solved the difficult math problem on his first try.
단숨에	dansume	adverb	in one breath, without stopping 민수 씨는 소설 한 권을 단숨에 읽어 버렸어요 Minsu finished an entire novel in one sitting.
단연	danyeon	adverb	by far, definitely, undeniably 이 분야에서 민수 씨는 단연 최고의 전문가로 꼽혀요 Minsu is considered by far the best expert in this field.
당당히	dangdanghi	adverb	proudly, confidently, with dignity 수진 씨는 무대 위에서 당당히 자신의 의견을 발표했어요 Sujin confidently expressed her opinion onstage.
-대	-dae	affix	(suffix indicating hearsay or reported speech) 친구한테 들었는데 그 가게가 이번 주에 문을 닫는대요 I heard from a friend that the store is closing this week.
대뜸	daetteum	adverb	right away, abruptly, straight off 민수 씨는 만나자마자 대뜸 돈을 빌려 달라고 했어요 As soon as we met, Minsu abruptly asked to borrow money.
더군다나	deogundana	adverb	furthermore, moreover, on top of that 비용도 부족한 데다 더군다나 시간도 없었어요 We were short on funds, and on top of that, we had no time.
더더욱	deodeouk	adverb	even more, all the more 비가 오는데 바람까지 불어 더더욱 춥게 느껴져요 It's raining, and the wind makes it feel even colder.
더러	deoreo	adverb	sometimes, some, here and there 더러 실수를 해도 괜찮으니 너무 걱정하지 마세요 It's okay to make mistakes sometimes, so don't worry too much.
덜컥	deolkeok	adverb	suddenly, with a thud, with a jolt 그 소식을 듣고 심장이 덜컥 내려앉는 것 같았어요 My heart seemed to sink when I heard the news.
된소리	doensori	noun	tense sound, fortis consonant (Korean phonetics) 발음 수업에서 된소리와 거센소리를 비교했어요 We compared tense and aspirated consonants in pronunciation class.
두루	duru	adverb	widely, all around, broadly 그분은 다양한 분야의 전문가들과 두루 교류하며 활동하세요 That person is active in many circles, connecting with experts across various fields.
둥둥^¹	dungdung	adverb	floating, bobbing · 둥둥 떠다니다 풍선이 하늘에서 둥둥 떠다니는 모습이 아름다웠어요 The balloons floating in the sky looked beautiful.
딱히	ttaki	adverb	not particularly, not specifically 딱히 가고 싶은 곳이 없어서 그냥 집에 있었어요 There wasn't anywhere in particular I wanted to go, so I just stayed home.
때마침	ttaemachim	adverb	just in time, at the right moment 때마침 택시가 와서 비를 맞지 않을 수 있었어요 A taxi arrived just in time, so I managed to stay out of the rain.
띄어쓰기	ttuieosseugi	noun	word spacing, spacing in writing 띄어쓰기를 잘못하면 문장의 뜻이 달라질 수 있어요 Incorrect spacing can change the meaning of a sentence.
막연히	magyeonhi	adverb	vaguely, hazily, without clarity 막연히 좋아질 거라고 생각하며 그냥 기다렸어요 I just waited, vaguely thinking things would get better.
막힘없이	makimeopsi	adverb	without hesitation, fluently, smoothly 그 학생은 모든 질문에 막힘없이 대답했어요 That student answered every question without hesitation.
무던히	mudeonhi	adverb	quite, considerably, with much effort 어머니께서 무던히 애를 쓰셔서 마침내 문제를 해결하셨어요 My mother worked tirelessly and finally solved the problem.
무럭무럭	mureongmureok	adverb	vigorously, growing fast (of plants or children) 햇빛과 물을 충분히 받은 화초가 무럭무럭 자랐어요 The plant grew vigorously with plenty of sunlight and water.
무수히	musuhi	adverb	innumerably, countless times 그 선생님은 교단에 서는 동안 무수히 많은 학생을 가르치셨어요 That teacher taught countless students over the course of their career.
무심히	musimhi	adverb	indifferently, absentmindedly 민수 씨는 창밖을 무심히 바라보며 아무 말도 하지 않았어요 Minsu gazed absentmindedly out the window without saying a word.
물끄러미	mulkkeureomi	adverb	vacantly, fixedly (staring) 민수 씨는 창밖을 물끄러미 바라보며 생각에 잠겼어요 Minsu gazed out the window, lost in thought.
바삐	bappi	adverb	busily, hurriedly 민수 씨는 아침부터 바삐 움직이며 준비를 마쳤어요 Minsu was busy from the morning and finished the preparations.
바짝	bajjak	adverb	closely, tightly, extremely 사진을 찍으려고 친구 옆에 바짝 붙어 섰어요 I stood right next to my friend to take a picture.
번쩍	beonjjeok	adverb	flash, suddenly, brightly 번쩍하고 번개가 치더니 천둥이 울렸어요 Lightning flashed, and then thunder rumbled.
부득이	budeugi	adverb	inevitably, unavoidably 약속 시간에 늦어서 부득이 택시를 탔어요 I was running late for an appointment, so I had no choice but to take a taxi.
부디	budi	adverb	please, I beg you (earnest request) 부디 건강하게 잘 지내시길 바라요 I sincerely hope you stay healthy and well.
불과	bulgwa	adverb	only, merely, just 그 비용은 불과 몇만 원이라서 크게 부담이 되지 않았어요 It cost only a few tens of thousands of won, so it was not much of a burden.
불쑥	bulssuk	adverb	suddenly, abruptly, popping up 회의 중에 낯선 사람이 불쑥 나타나서 모두를 놀라게 했어요 A stranger suddenly appeared during the meeting and startled everyone.
비단	bidan	adverb	not only, not just (limiting adverb) 이 문제는 비단 한 나라만의 문제가 아니에요 This issue is not limited to just one country.
비속어	bisogeo	noun	vulgar language, slang, obscenity 비속어를 자주 사용하면 상대방에게 좋지 않은 인상을 줘요 Frequently using vulgar language gives others a bad impression.
비스듬히	biseudeumhi	adverb	diagonally, at a slant 그림 속 탑이 화면에서 비스듬히 기울어져 있었어요 The tower in the painting leaned at an angle across the canvas.
빈틈없이	binteumeopsi	adverb	thoroughly, without a gap 경호팀이 행사장 주변을 빈틈없이 지켰어요 The security team guarded the area around the venue without leaving any gaps.
빤히	ppanhi	adverb	fixedly, blankly, obviously 아이는 엄마 얼굴을 빤히 쳐다보며 아무 말도 하지 않았어요 The child stared at their mother's face without saying a word.
뻔히	ppeonhi	adverb	clearly, obviously, knowingly 결과를 뻔히 알면서도 같은 실수를 반복했어요 I repeated the same mistake even though I knew exactly what would happen.
사뭇	samut	adverb	quite, considerably, thoroughly 두 사람의 성격은 사뭇 달라서 자주 충돌해요 Their personalities are quite different, so they often clash.
샅샅이	satsachi	adverb	thoroughly, every nook and cranny 잃어버린 열쇠를 찾으려고 서랍을 샅샅이 뒤졌어요 I searched every corner of the drawer for my lost keys.
서슴없이	seoseumeopsi	adverb	without hesitation, freely 민수 씨는 모르는 것이 있으면 서슴없이 질문을 던졌어요 Whenever Minsu did not understand something, he asked questions without hesitation.
선뜻	seontteut	adverb	readily, willingly, without hesitation 민수 씨는 부탁을 받자 선뜻 승낙했어요 Minsu readily agreed when asked for a favor.
섣불리	seotbulli	adverb	rashly, recklessly, carelessly 위험한 상황에서 섣불리 행동하면 더 큰 문제가 생길 수 있어요 Acting rashly in a dangerous situation can cause even bigger problems.
-설	-seol	affix	suffix meaning theory or hypothesis 지동설은 지구가 태양 주위를 돈다는 학설이에요 Heliocentrism is the theory that the Earth revolves around the sun.
설령	seollyeong	adverb	even if, even though, supposing 설령 실패하더라도 다시 도전하면 돼요 Even if you fail, you can try again.
소위	sowi	adverb	so-called, what is called 민수 씨는 소위 엘리트 코스를 밟아 대기업에 입사했어요 Minsu followed the so-called elite track and joined a major company.
속속들이	soksokdeuri	adverb	thoroughly, inside and out 지민 씨는 상대방의 심리를 속속들이 파악하고 있어요 Jimin understands the other person's psychology inside and out.
손수	sonsu	adverb	by oneself, with one's own hands 어머니께서 손수 만들어 주신 음식이라 더욱 맛있었어요 The food tasted even better because my mother had made it herself.
순전히	sunjeonhi	adverb	purely, entirely, wholly 이번 실패는 순전히 내 부주의 때문이었어요 This failure was entirely due to my carelessness.
쉽사리	swipsari	adverb	easily, readily 민수 씨의 마음은 오랜 상처 때문에 쉽사리 열리지 않았어요 Minsu did not open up easily because of old emotional wounds.
슬그머니	seulgeumeoni	adverb	stealthily, quietly, without notice 민수 씨는 슬그머니 자리를 빠져나가 아무도 눈치채지 못했어요 Minsu slipped away so quietly that no one noticed.
슬며시	seulmyeosi	adverb	gently, quietly, softly 고양이가 슬며시 방으로 들어왔어요 The cat quietly entered the room.
-시	-si	affix	suffix meaning regarding or treating as 서로 다른 두 문제를 동일시해서는 안 돼요 You should not treat two different issues as if they were the same.
시급히	sigeupi	adverb	urgently, without delay 안전 문제를 시급히 해결해야 한다는 목소리가 높아요 There are growing calls to address the safety issue urgently.
심히	simhi	adverb	deeply, severely 그 발언 때문에 많은 사람들이 심히 불쾌해했어요 Many people were deeply offended by that remark.
싹	ssak	adverb	completely, all at once, cleanly 민수 씨는 방을 싹 청소해서 먼지 하나 없이 깨끗하게 만들었어요 Minsu cleaned the entire room until it was spotless.
아낌없이	akkimeopsi	adverb	unsparingly, generously 민수 씨는 후배들에게 아낌없이 조언과 격려를 베풀었어요 Minsu generously offered advice and encouragement to his junior colleagues.
아랑곳없이	aranggodeopsi	adverb	regardless, without caring at all 민수 씨는 주위 시선에 아랑곳없이 큰 소리로 전화 통화를 했어요 Minsu talked loudly on the phone without caring about the people looking at him.
아무쪼록	amujjorok	adverb	by all means, I hope, please 아무쪼록 건강 잘 챙기시길 바라요 Please take good care of your health.
아슬아슬	aseuraseul	adverb	breathtakingly, in a hair-raising way 민수 씨는 아슬아슬하게 마감 시간에 맞춰 도착했어요 Minsu arrived just barely before the deadline.
안절부절	anjeolbujeol	adverb	restlessly, in a fidgety manner 결과 발표를 기다리는 동안 안절부절못하고 자리를 계속 바꿨어요 While waiting for the results to be announced, I was so restless that I kept changing seats.
애지중지	aejijungji	adverb	with great care and affection, lovingly 부모님은 외동딸을 애지중지 키웠어요 The parents raised their only daughter with great love and care.
어김없이	eogimeopsi	adverb	without fail, invariably 봄이 되면 어김없이 벚꽃이 피어 거리를 가득 채워요 Every spring without fail, cherry blossoms bloom and fill the streets.
어둑어둑	eodugeoduk	adverb	growing dark, dimly 산에서 내려올 때쯤 하늘이 어둑어둑해지기 시작했어요 By the time we were coming down the mountain, the sky was starting to grow dark.
어렴풋이	eoryeompusi	adverb	vaguely, dimly, faintly 어렴풋이 기억이 나긴 하는데 정확한 내용이 생각나지 않아요 I vaguely remember it, but I cannot recall the exact details.
언뜻	eontteut	adverb	fleetingly, at a glance, in a flash 언뜻 보기에 비슷해 보이지만 사실 다른 물건이에요 They look similar at first glance, but they are actually different items.
얼핏	eolpit	adverb	briefly, at a glance, fleetingly 얼핏 보기에는 비슷해 보이지만 자세히 보면 달라요 They look similar at a glance, but a closer look reveals differences.
엉금엉금	eonggeumeonggeum	adverb	slowly and clumsily, crawling sluggishly 거북이가 엉금엉금 기어서 연못 쪽으로 갔어요 The turtle slowly crawled toward the pond.
영락없이	yeongnageopsi	adverb	unmistakably, exactly, without a doubt 민수 씨는 영락없이 어머니를 닮은 얼굴이었어요 Minsu's face was the spitting image of his mother's.
오죽	ojuk	adverb	how much, how greatly (emphasizing a high degree) 어른도 힘든 일인데 어린아이는 오죽 힘들었겠어요 It was hard even for adults, so imagine how hard it must have been for a young child.
올바로	olbaro	adverb	correctly, rightly, properly 글을 올바로 이해하려면 문맥을 파악하는 것이 중요해요 Understanding the context is important for interpreting a text correctly.
옹기종기	onggijonggi	adverb	huddled together, in clusters 작은 집들이 옹기종기 모여 있는 마을이 있어요 There is a village with little houses clustered together.
요컨대	yokeondae	adverb	in short, to sum up 요컨대 중요한 것은 꾸준히 노력하는 자세예요 In short, what matters is a commitment to consistent effort.
우뚝	uttuk	adverb	prominently, standing tall 산꼭대기에 소나무 한 그루가 우뚝 서 있었어요 A lone pine tree stood tall on the mountaintop.
울퉁불퉁	ultungbultung	adverb	bumpily, unevenly 포장도로가 울퉁불퉁하여 자전거를 타기가 불편했어요 The paved road was bumpy, making it uncomfortable to ride a bike.
웅성웅성	ungseongungseong	adverb	in a murmur, with buzzing chatter 발표가 끝나자 청중들이 웅성웅성 이야기를 나눴어요 As soon as the presentation ended, the audience began murmuring among themselves.
원-	won-	affix	original, former (prefix) 민수 씨는 원작자로서 원저작에 대한 권리를 가져요 As the original creator, Minsu holds the rights to the original work.
-원	-won	affix	-garden, -park, suffix for a garden or facility (zoo, kindergarten) · 동물원, 유치원 주말에 아이와 함께 동물원에 갔어요 I went to the zoo with my child over the weekend.
유독	yudok	adverb	particularly, especially, uniquely 여러 지원자 중에서 유독 그 사람의 발표가 인상적이었어요 Among all the applicants, that person's presentation was especially impressive.
은근히	eungeunhi	adverb	quietly, secretly, subtly 민수 씨는 결과가 마음에 들지 않았지만 은근히 기대를 갖고 있었어요 Minsu was unhappy with the results but still quietly held out hope.
이따금	ittageum	adverb	occasionally, from time to time 이따금 고향의 풍경이 꿈속에 떠오르곤 해요 From time to time, scenes of my hometown appear in my dreams.
이를테면	ireultemyeon	adverb	for example, that is to say 이를테면 제주도는 한국의 대표적인 관광지예요 For example, Jeju Island is one of Korea's leading tourist destinations.
이왕이면	iwangimyeon	adverb	if given the choice, since either way 이왕이면 더 좋은 품질의 재료를 사용하는 것이 나아요 Given the choice, it is better to use higher-quality ingredients.
이제껏	ijekkeot	adverb	until now, up to this point 민수 씨는 이제껏 한 번도 약속을 어긴 적이 없어요 Minsu has never broken a promise.
-인	-in	affix	person suffix (human) 이 학교는 외국인 학생들을 위한 교환 학생 프로그램을 운영해요 This school runs an exchange program for international students.
-일	-il	affix	suffix meaning day or date 결혼기념일에 가족과 함께 저녁을 먹었어요 I had dinner with my family on my wedding anniversary.
일제히	iljehi	adverb	all at once, simultaneously 신호가 바뀌자 학생들이 일제히 길을 건넜어요 When the light changed, the students all crossed the street at once.
일찌감치	iljjigamchi	adverb	well in advance, early on 일찌감치 표를 예매해 두었더니 자리를 잘 잡았어요 I got a good seat because I booked my ticket well in advance.
자칫	jachit	adverb	carelessly, if not careful 자칫 방심하면 큰 실수를 저지를 수 있으니 조심해야 해요 You need to be careful because a moment of inattention can lead to a serious mistake.
장차	jangcha	adverb	in the future, someday 장차 훌륭한 과학자가 되겠다는 꿈을 지금부터 키워 나가세요 Start nurturing your dream of becoming a great scientist someday.
-전	-jeon	affix	match, battle, competition (suffix) 우리 팀은 결승전에서 우승을 차지했어요 Our team won the championship in the final.
절로	jeollo	adverb	naturally, spontaneously, by itself 아름다운 음악을 들으면 절로 기분이 좋아져요 Listening to beautiful music naturally lifts my spirits.
조마조마	jomajoma	adverb	nervously, with anxiety, on edge 발표 결과를 기다리는 동안 조마조마하며 화면을 바라봤어요 I nervously watched the screen while waiting for the results to be announced.
조만간	jomangan	adverb	soon, before long, in a little while 조만간 직접 찾아뵙고 인사드릴게요 I'll come by soon to greet you in person.
조심조심	josimjosim	adverb	very carefully, gingerly 아이는 깨지기 쉬운 도자기를 조심조심 들고 왔어요 The child carried the fragile ceramic piece over very carefully.
-족	-jok	affix	tribe, clan, group suffix 주말이면 배낭여행족이 이 작은 역에 모여요 Backpackers gather at this little station on weekends.
지그시	jigeusi	adverb	gently, steadily, with pressure 민수 씨는 눈을 지그시 감고 음악에 집중했어요 Minsu gently closed his eyes and focused on the music.
-진	-jin	affix	team, group of people (suffix) 경기장 앞에는 취재진이 모여 있었어요 Reporters had gathered in front of the stadium.
진작	jinjak	adverb	long ago, much earlier 진작 말해 주었더라면 오해가 생기지 않았을 텐데 아쉬워요 It's a shame you didn't tell me sooner; we could have avoided the misunderstanding.
진정^²	jinjeong	adverb	truly, really, genuinely · 진정 기쁘다 그 말이 진정 마음에서 우러난 것인지 의심스러웠어요 I doubted whether those words truly came from the heart.
-집	-jip	affix	collection of works (suffix) 그 작가는 짧은 이야기를 모아 소설집을 출간했어요 The writer collected short stories and published them in a book.
차곡차곡	chagokchagok	adverb	neatly stacked, in orderly layers 민수 씨는 돈을 차곡차곡 모아 내 집 마련의 꿈을 이뤘어요 Minsu saved up steadily and achieved his dream of owning a home.
차일피일	chailpiil	adverb	putting off day by day, procrastinating 해야 할 일을 차일피일 미루다가 결국 기한을 넘겼어요 I kept putting off what I needed to do and ended up missing the deadline.
채^³	chae	adverb	not yet, still not fully · 채 -기도 전에 · 채 끝나기 전 아침을 채 먹기도 전에 택배가 도착했어요 The package arrived before I had even finished breakfast.
충실히^¹	chungsilhi	adverb	faithfully, diligently, sincerely · 역할을 충실히 수행하다 민수 씨는 맡은 역할을 충실히 수행하여 모두에게 신뢰를 받았어요 Minsu earned everyone's trust by faithfully carrying out his role.
-치	-chi	affix	suffix meaning 'value, level' (as in highest or average value) 올여름 기온이 역대 최고치를 기록했어요 This summer's temperature hit its highest level on record.
탁	tak	adverb	with a thud, sharply, abruptly 누군가 어깨를 탁 치는 바람에 깜짝 놀랐어요 I was startled when someone gave me a sharp tap on the shoulder.
탄탄히	tantanhi	adverb	solidly, firmly, sturdily 어릴 때부터 기초를 탄탄히 쌓아 두면 나중에 어려움이 없어요 Building a solid foundation from childhood prevents difficulties later on.
탈-	tal-	affix	prefix meaning de-, post-, or removal of 탈탄소 사회로의 전환이 전 세계적인 과제가 되고 있어요 The transition to a decarbonized society is becoming a global challenge.
턱없이	teogeopsi	adverb	absurdly, way too much, far from enough 그 가격은 턱없이 높아서 도저히 살 수가 없어요 The price is so unreasonably high that I cannot possibly buy it.
털썩	teolsseok	adverb	with a plop, flopping down heavily 민수 씨는 긴 하루 끝에 소파에 털썩 주저앉았어요 Minsu flopped onto the sofa at the end of a long day.
톡톡	toktok	adverb	lightly tapping, flicking repeatedly 수진 씨는 손가락으로 책상을 톡톡 두드리며 생각에 잠겼어요 Sujin tapped the desk lightly with her fingers, lost in thought.
톡톡히	toktokhi	adverb	considerably, quite well, substantially 이번 홍보 활동으로 매출을 늘리는 효과를 톡톡히 보았어요 This promotional campaign really helped boost sales.
튼튼히	teunteunhi	adverb	solidly, firmly, stoutly 기초를 튼튼히 다져야 높은 건물을 세울 수 있어요 A tall building requires a solid foundation.
펄쩍	peoljjeok	adverb	with a leap, suddenly jumping 고양이가 놀란 듯 펄쩍 뛰어오르며 방을 빠져나갔어요 The cat leaped up as if startled and darted out of the room.
펄펄	peolpeol	adverb	boiling vigorously, fluttering wildly 냄비에 물이 펄펄 끓고 있으니 채소를 조심해서 넣으세요 The water in the pot is boiling vigorously, so add the vegetables carefully.
하나같이	hanagachi	adverb	all alike, without exception 그 반 아이들은 하나같이 밝고 씩씩했어요 The kids in that class were all cheerful and spirited, every one of them.
하루빨리	haruppalli	adverb	as soon as possible, at once 아이들을 위한 지원 정책이 하루빨리 마련됐으면 좋겠어요 I hope support policies for children are put in place as soon as possible.
하물며	hamulmyeo	adverb	let alone, much less, to say nothing of 가까운 데도 혼자 운전을 못 하는데 하물며 장거리는 어떻겠어요? I can't even drive alone to places nearby, so how could I handle a long drive?
하염없이	hayeomeopsi	adverb	endlessly, ceaselessly 지민 씨는 창밖을 바라보며 하염없이 눈물을 흘렸어요 Jimin stared out the window, tears streaming down endlessly.
한갓	hangat	adverb	merely, only, just 민수 씨의 행동은 한갓 어린아이 장난처럼 보였어요 Minsu's behavior looked like nothing more than a child's prank.
한결같이	hangyeolgachi	adverb	consistently, always the same 그 선생님은 수십 년간 한결같이 학생들을 성심성의껏 가르쳐 왔어요 That teacher has taught students wholeheartedly and consistently for decades.
한껏	hankkeot	adverb	to the fullest, as much as possible 휴일에는 한껏 편하게 쉬면서 피로를 풀었어요 On my day off, I rested as much as I could and shook off my fatigue.
한낱	hannat	adverb	merely, only, nothing more than 그것은 한낱 소문에 불과하니 신경 쓰지 마세요 That's nothing but a rumor, so don't worry about it.
한사코	hansako	adverb	stubbornly, persistently, at all costs 민수 씨는 주변의 만류에도 한사코 혼자 해내겠다고 고집했어요 Despite everyone trying to talk him out of it, Minsu stubbornly insisted on doing it alone.
허겁지겁	heogeopjigeop	adverb	hastily, in a frantic rush 배가 고팠던 민수 씨는 밥을 허겁지겁 먹어 치웠어요 Minsu was so hungry that he wolfed down his meal.
허둥지둥	heodungjidung	adverb	in a fluster, rushing about 갑자기 회의가 잡혀서 허둥지둥 서류를 챙겼어요 A meeting came up suddenly, so I scrambled to gather my documents.
헐레벌떡	heollebeoltteok	adverb	out of breath, panting, in a rush 약속에 늦을까 봐 헐레벌떡 달려왔더니 숨이 찼어요 I was afraid I'd be late, so I came running and now I'm out of breath.
헛되이	heotdoei	adverb	in vain, fruitlessly, uselessly 그 기회를 헛되이 보내지 않기를 바라요 I hope you don't let that opportunity go to waste.
현저히	hyeonjeohi	adverb	remarkably, conspicuously, notably 운동을 꾸준히 했더니 체력이 현저히 좋아졌어요 After exercising regularly, my stamina improved noticeably.
혹시나	hoksina	adverb	by any chance, just in case, maybe 혹시나 해서 우산을 챙겨 나왔어요 I brought an umbrella just in case.
확연히	hwagyeonhi	adverb	clearly, visibly, markedly 치료를 받은 후 상태가 확연히 좋아졌어요 After the treatment, my condition clearly improved.
황급히	hwanggeupi	adverb	in a great hurry, hastily 화재 소식을 들은 소방관들이 황급히 현장으로 달려갔어요 Hearing about the fire, the firefighters rushed to the scene.
흡사	heupsa	adverb	just like, similar to, almost exactly 그 배우는 흡사 실제 군인처럼 연기했어요 That actor played the part just like a real soldier.
흥청망청	heungcheongmangcheong	adverb	lavishly, extravagantly, squandering 민수 씨는 돈이 생기면 흥청망청 써 버리는 버릇이 있어요 Minsu has a habit of blowing his money as soon as he gets it.
힐끗	hilkkeut	adverb	with a glance, with a quick look 지민 씨는 제가 들어오는 걸 힐끗 쳐다보고는 다시 책을 읽었어요 Jimin glanced at me as I came in and went back to her book.
-계^²	-gye	affix	of ... descent or lineage (suffix) · 한국계 미국인, 중국계 제 친구는 한국계 미국인이에요 My friend is a Korean American.
문단^²	mundan	noun	the literary world, literary circles · 문단에 진출하다 · 문단에 데뷔하다 그 작가는 스무 살에 문단에 데뷔했어요 That writer made her literary debut at twenty.
닥치다^²	dakchida	verb	to shut up (rude; mostly as 닥쳐) · 입 닥쳐 (무례한 말) 화가 난 형이 동생에게 닥치라고 소리쳤어요 닥치다 → 닥치라고 My angry older brother yelled at his younger brother to shut up.
둥둥^²	dungdung	adverb	boom boom (sound of a drum) · 북을 둥둥 치다 축제에서 북소리가 둥둥 울렸어요 Drums boomed at the festival.
명문^²	myeongmun	noun	fine piece of writing, well-written text · 명문으로 꼽히다 그 연설문은 지금도 명문으로 꼽혀요 That speech is still regarded as a fine piece of writing.
서^²	seo	determiner	three (before some units, as in 서 말) · 서 말, 서 푼 구슬이 서 말이라도 꿰어야 보배예요 Even three measures of beads become a treasure only when they are strung together.
수동^²	sudong	noun	passive voice · 수동 표현, 수동태 도둑이 잡혔다는 문장은 수동 표현을 쓴 예예요 The sentence saying that the thief was caught is an example of a passive construction.
시상^²	sisang	noun	poetic inspiration · 시상이 떠오르다 시인은 여행 중에 떠오른 시상을 공책에 적었어요 The poet jotted down in a notebook the poetic inspiration that came to him on his trip.
충실히^²	chungsilhi	adverb	fully, thoroughly (with substantial content) · 내용을 충실히 담다, 자료를 충실히 갖추다 보고서에 조사 결과를 충실히 담아서 내용이 알차요 The report covers the research findings thoroughly, so it is rich in content.

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FAQ

How many TOPIK 6 Korean basics & grammar words are on this list?: This page lists 211 advanced-level Korean basics & grammar vocabulary words (TOPIK 6), each with romanization and an English meaning — free, by a certified Korean teacher.
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Written by Alvin Lim Certified Korean Language Teacher (Level 2)